Abortion Laws by State | 2025 - Population Research Institute

Abortion Laws by State | 2025

Alabama

Total abortion ban enforced under the 2019 Human Life Protection Act; no rape or incest exceptions. A 2025 federal ruling blocks prosecution of groups that help patients travel out of state, but in‑state procedures remain illegal except to save the mother’s life.

Alaska

Abortion remains legal at any stage. The state constitution’s privacy clause protects access, and 2023 court rulings struck down parental notification, allowing care through viability and beyond when medically necessary.

Arizona

Voters approved Proposition 139 in Nov 2024, adding a constitutional right to abortion until fetal viability. Earlier 15‑week and 1864 bans are permanently void, and standard informed‑consent and minor‑consent rules apply.

Arkansas

A trigger law in June 2022 outlawed virtually all abortions. Only life‑saving procedures are allowed; providers face felonies, and there are no rape or incest exceptions.

California

Proposition 1 (2022) enshrined reproductive freedom in the state constitution. Abortions are legal until viability (~24 wks) and later for maternal health. The state funds travel and shield protections for out‑of‑state patients.

Colorado

Amendment 79 (2024) guarantees the right to abortion with no gestational limit. Third‑trimester care is permitted when a provider finds it necessary for the patient’s health; robust shield laws protect providers and patients.

Connecticut

The 2022 Reproductive Freedom Act protects abortion up to viability and for health thereafter, adds legal shields against out‑of‑state subpoenas, and lets advanced clinicians provide care.

Delaware

Abortion is legal through viability (about 24 wks) with health exceptions beyond that point. 2023 legislation expanded provider eligibility and confidentiality protections.

District of Columbia

DC imposes no gestational limit and in 2024 barred cooperation with any out‑of‑state civil or criminal abortion investigations.

Florida

The May 2024 Heartbeat Protection Act bans abortion after six weeks LMP, with rape/incest/trafficking exceptions up to 15 wks and life‑threatening or fatal‑anomaly exceptions. A 24‑hour waiting period and in‑person dispensing rules apply.

Georgia

Georgia’s 2019 heartbeat law—allowing abortion only until detectable cardiac activity (~6 wks)—is in force after 2022 and 2024 court rulings; limited rape/incest and medical‑emergency exceptions remain.

Hawaii

Abortion is legal up to viability; post‑viability for health. 2023 legislation authorized advanced practice clinicians and enacted shield protections.

Idaho

A near‑total 2022 trigger ban allows abortion only for rape/incest (with police report) or to save the mother’s life. EMTALA litigation carves out emergency care, and a 2025 ruling barred prosecutions of helpers for out‑of‑state travel.

Illinois

The 2019 Reproductive Health Act and 2024 repeal of parental notification secure access up to viability and for maternal health thereafter; most insurers must cover abortion without cost‑sharing.

Indiana

Since Aug 2023, abortion is banned except for lethal fetal anomaly or up to 10 wks for rape/incest and to avert serious health risk. Procedures must occur in hospitals or surgery centers.

Iowa

A 2023 law bans abortions once cardiac activity is detected (~6 wks), with tight rape/incest and medical exceptions. The state supreme court let enforcement proceed pending further review.

Kansas

The Kansas Supreme Court reaffirmed in July 2024 that the state constitution protects abortion as a fundamental right. Voters rejected a 2022 amendment to remove this right, so abortion remains legal up to 22 weeks LMP with the same regulations that existed before Dobbs, such as parental consent and 24‑hour waiting period.

Kentucky

A 2022 trigger ban and six‑week ban are both in effect, prohibiting nearly all abortions except to prevent death or serious injury. No rape or incest exceptions; felony penalties apply.

Louisiana

Louisiana’s trigger law bans abortion entirely except to save a pregnant person’s life or for pregnancies on a state‑issued list of medically futile anomalies; strict criminal penalties for providers.

Maine

LD 1619 (July 2023) allows post‑viability abortions when a clinician deems it medically necessary, effectively removing the time limit. Earlier access up to viability is unrestricted.

Maryland

Voters ratified a Reproductive Freedom constitutional amendment in Nov 2024. Abortion is legal until viability and afterward for health. State funds training and coverage.

Massachusetts

The 2020 ROE Act permits abortion through 24 wks and later for lethal anomalies or health. A 2022 shield law protects providers and patients from out‑of‑state actions.

Michigan

Proposal 3 (2022) added a constitutional right to reproductive freedom, repealing a 1931 ban. Abortion is legal until viability; minors still need parental consent or judicial bypass.

Minnesota

The 2023 PRO Act codifies a fundamental right to abortion at any stage, and 2024 legislation repealed prior parental‑notification and waiting‑period rules.

Mississippi

A 2022 trigger ban prohibits abortion in all cases except when necessary to save the mother’s life; rape/incest and anomaly exceptions were excluded.

Missouri

A June 2022 trigger ban outlaws abortion except for medical emergencies. Although voters approved a 2024 viability‑rights amendment, the state supreme court stayed it in May 2025, so the ban remains.

Montana

The state’s privacy clause and Initiative 128 (2024) secure abortion rights to viability; court blocks have prevented 15‑ and 20‑week bans from taking effect.

Nebraska

A May 2023 law bans abortion after 12 wks with rape/incest and medical‑emergency exceptions. Medication‑only providers face new licensing rules.

Nevada

A 1990 voter statute guarantees abortion to 24 wks; 2023 shield law protects patients and providers. A 2026 ballot measure will seek constitutional protection.

New Hampshire

Abortion is allowed through 24 wks; 2023 amendments added fatal‑anomaly exceptions and removed criminal penalties for providers. Parental notification is still required for minors.

New Jersey

The 2022 Freedom of Reproductive Choice Act protects abortion at every stage. 2023 rules mandate private insurance coverage and strengthen shield provisions.

New Mexico

No gestational limit. The 2023 Reproductive Health Care Freedom Act blocks local bans and funds new clinics, making the state a regional hub for care.

New York

The 2019 Reproductive Health Act permits abortion up to 24 wks and later for health or fetal anomaly. A 2024 Equal Rights Amendment heads to voters in 2026. Shield laws protect providers.

North Carolina

SB 20 (2023) limits abortion to 12 wks with exceptions (rape/incest to 20 wks, anomaly to 24 wks, life emergencies). Multiple in‑person visits and hospital‑only rules after 12 wks.

North Dakota

Judge Bruce Romanick struck down the state’s near‑total ban in Sept 2024, and the North Dakota Supreme Court declined to reinstate it in Jan 2025 while the appeal proceeds. Abortion is technically legal but no clinics currently operate in‑state; most residents travel to Minnesota. Existing laws add multiple restrictions and reporting requirements.

Ohio

Issue 1 (Dec 2023) enshrined a right to abortion until viability. A 6‑week ban is permanently enjoined, and clinics follow earlier 22‑week viability regulations.

Oklahoma

Civil‑enforced SB 1503 and a 1910 criminal ban together prohibit almost all abortions except to save the mother’s life. New laws target those aiding out‑of‑state care.

Oregon

No gestational limit; the 2017 Reproductive Health Equity Act ensures coverage, and 2023 shield laws bar data‑sharing with hostile states.

Pennsylvania

Abortion is legal up to 24 wks LMP with 24‑hour waiting and parental‑consent rules. A 2025 lawsuit seeks to establish a state constitutional right.

Rhode Island

The 2019 Reproductive Privacy Act protects abortion to viability; 2023 Equality in Abortion Coverage Act extends state insurance coverage. Minors need consent.

South Carolina

The Fetal Heartbeat and Protection from Abortion Act, upheld Aug 2023, bans abortions after six weeks LMP with limited exceptions and a 24‑hour waiting period.

South Dakota

A 2005 trigger ban took effect in 2022, outlawing abortion except to save the pregnant woman’s life. A 2024 initiative to restore rights will appear on the 2026 ballot.

Tennessee

The 2022 Human Life Protection Act bans nearly all abortions; a 2023 amendment clarifies a narrow medical‑emergency defense but no rape or incest exceptions exist.

Texas

HB 1280 (trigger ban) and SB 8’s private‑enforcement scheme prohibit abortion except to save the mother’s life. Some counties have passed ordinances punishing travel assistance.

Utah

A trigger ban is blocked; the 2019 18‑week limit currently governs, with counseling and ultrasound requirements. The state supreme court upheld the injunction in 2024.

Vermont

Article 22 (2022) adds reproductive liberty to the constitution; abortion is lawful at any stage, and 2023 shield laws protect providers.

Virginia

Abortions are allowed through 26 weeks + 6 days; third‑trimester requires three physicians’ sign‑off. 24‑hour waiting and parental consent apply; a constitutional amendment is under consideration.

Washington

State law allows abortion until viability; 2023 My Health My Data Act creates first‑in‑nation privacy protections and shield provisions. A 2026 amendment campaign is underway.

West Virginia

HB 302 (2022) bans abortion except for limited rape/incest exceptions (≤8 wks) and medical emergencies. Hospital‑only requirement and felony penalties for providers.

Wisconsin

The Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled on July 2 2025 that the 1849 statute does not ban abortion, confirming that the state’s pre‑Dobbs 22‑week limit and existing regulations apply. A 24‑hour waiting period, parental consent and clinic regulations remain.

Wyoming

Statewide bans (trigger and medication‑only) are enjoined; abortion is legal up to viability, though few providers operate. Lawmakers continue to pursue new restrictions.